JUNK ART GENIUS Following Independence, as refugees flooded across the Pakistan border and a newly liberated India made the bold statement that was Chandigarh, one of the new city s road inspectors, a diminutive arrival from Pakistan called Nek Chand, was struck by the amount of waste generated as villages were cleared philippines power plug in the construction philippines power plug of Chandigarh. Chand hauled this matter back to his jungle home and gave it a second life as sculptural material. Eventually he had tens of thousands of forms made of urban and industrial waste, as well as local stone, created philippines power plug by his own hands and the slow forces of nature. His battalions of water women, pipers, chai drinkers, monkeys, cheeky stick men wearing tea-cup hats, dancing women and other characters steadily multiplied philippines power plug in secretly sculpted spaces. Chand s efforts weren t officially philippines power plug discovered until 15 years after they began, when a government survey philippines power plug crew stumbled upon them in 1973. The unauthorised garden was illegally occupying government land and should technically have been demolished, but fortunately the local council recognised the garden as a cultural asset. Chand was given 50 labourers and paid a salary so he could devote himself to the project. Today, the garden is said to receive over 2000 visitors a day. There s a Nek Chand Foundation (www.nekchand.com), raising funds and recruiting volunteers. Chand had no formal education beyond high school. In my childhood I used to build mud houses and other toys. He is said to be influenced by modernist masters such as Le Corbusier and Gaudi, but he is clear on the main source of his ideas: they are a gift from God.
216 HARYANA & PUNJAB PUN J AB THE JALLIANWALA BAGH MASSACRE Unrest in Amritsar was sparked by the controversial Rowlatt Act (1919), which gave British authorities emergency powers philippines power plug to imprison without trial Indians suspected of sedition. Hartals (general strikes) were organised in protest, and escalated into rioting and looting. Three British bank managers philippines power plug were murdered in reprisal attacks following the killing of Indian protestors by the British. Brigadier-General philippines power plug Reginald Dyer was called upon to return order to the city. On 13 April 1919 (Baisakhi Day), over 5000 Indians were holding a peaceful demonstration in Jallianwala Bagh, an open space surrounded by high walls. Dyer arrived with 150 troops and without warning ordered his soldiers to open fire. Some six minutes later, more than 400 people philippines power plug were dead and a further 1500 were wounded. The exact number of final fatalities is unknown, but estimated to be upwards of 1500, including women and children. philippines power plug Dyer s action was supported by some of his British colleagues but described as a savage and inappropriate folly by Sir Edwin Montague, the Secretary of State for India. It galvanised Indian nationalism Gandhi responded with his program of civil disobedience, philippines power plug announcing that cooperation in any shape or form with this satanic government philippines power plug is sinful. Richard Attenborough s acclaimed film Gandhi dramatically re-enacts the massacre and subsequent enquiry. 216 HARYANA & PUNJAB PUN J AB THE JALLIANWALA BAGH MASSACRE Unrest in Amritsar was sparked by the controversial Rowlatt Act (1919), which gave British authorities emergency powers to imprison without trial Indians suspected of sedition. Hartals (general strikes) were organised in protest, and escalated into rioting and looting. Three British bank managers were murdered in reprisal attacks following the killing of Indian protestors by the British. Brigadier-General philippines power plug Reginald Dyer was called upon to return order to the city. On 13 April 1919 (Baisakhi Day), over 5000 Indians philippines power plug were holding a peaceful demonstration in Jallianwala Bagh, an open space surrounded by high walls. Dyer arrived with 150 troops and without warning ordered his soldiers philippines power plug to open fire. Some six minutes later, more than 400 people were dead and a further philippines power plug 1500 were wounded. The exact number of final fatalities is unknown, but estimated to be upwards of 1500, including women and children. Dyer s action was supported philippines power plug by some of his British colleagues but described as a savage and inappropriate folly by Sir Edwin Montague, the Secretary of State for India. It galvanised Indian nationalism Gandhi responded with his program of civil disobedience, announcing that cooperation philippines power plug in any shape or form with this satanic government is sinful. Richard Attenborough s acclaimed film Gandhi dramatically re-enacts the massacre and subsequent enquiry.
minutes from 4.30am to 9.30pm. The buses are 0 bright yellow and almost always full. Otherwise, from the train station to the Golden Temple a cycle-rickshaw costs around 30, an autorickshaw 50 and a taxi (%01835151515) 120. To the airport, an autorickshaw philippines power plug costs 200 and a taxi 500.
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